Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2012, 23(7):691-698.

Cancer Stem Cells: Potential Target for Bioactive Food Components

Young S Kim, William Farrar, Nancy H. Colburn, et al

Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20892; Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 576, Room 101, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702

Cancer stem cells often have phenotypic and functional characteristics similar to normal stem cells including the properties of self-renewal and differentiation. Recent findings suggest that uncontrolled self-renewal may explain cancer relapses and may represent a critical target for cancer prevention. It is conceivable that the loss of regulatory molecules resulting from inappropriate consumption of specific foods and their constituents may foster the aberrant self-renewal of cancer stem cells. In fact, increasing evidence points to the network delivering signals for self-renewal from extracellular compartments to the nucleus including changes in stem cell environments, inducible expression of microRNAs, hyperplastic nuclear chromatin structures, and the on/off of differentiation process as possible sites of action for bioactive food components. Diverse dietary constituents such as vitamins A and D, genistein, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), sulforaphane, curcumin, piperine, theanine, and choline have been shown to modify self-renewal properties of cancer stem cells. The ability of these bioactive food components to influence the balance between proliferative and quiescent cells by regulating critical feedback molecules in the network including dickkopf 1 (DKK-1), secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2), B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) may account for their biological response. Overall, the response to food components does not appear to be tissue or organ specific, suggesting there may be common cellular mechanisms. Unquestionably, additional studies are needed to clarify the physiological role of these dietary components in preventing the resistance of tumor cells to traditional drugs and cancer recurrence.

美国《营养生物化学杂志》，2012年7月

肿瘤干细胞︰生物活性食品成分的潜在靶标

杨 S 金，威廉 法勒，南茜 H 科本，等

美国国家癌症研究所癌症预防部营养科学研究小组和癌症研究中心癌症预防实验室

肿瘤干细胞通常具有类似于正常干细胞的表现型和功能性特性，包括自我更新和分化的属性。最近的发现表明，无控的自我更新可能解释了癌症复发，并且可能成为癌症预防的关键目标。可想而知，调控分子的缺失源自特定食物不恰当的消耗，并且它们的选择可能会促进癌症干细胞自我更新的异常。事实上，提供了证据指向：自我更新的从细胞外间壁导向细胞核的网络输送信号包括在干细胞环境中的变化，诱导microRNAs的表达，增生性核染色质结构，分化过程的开/关作为生物活性食品成分可能的活性位。不同膳食成分例如维生素 A 和 D，金雀异黄素，（−）-儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯 (EGCG)、 莱菔硫烷、 姜黄素、 胡椒碱、 茶氨酸，和胆碱已被证明可以修改癌症干细胞的自我更新属性。这些生物活性食品成分影响增殖和休眠细胞之间平衡的能力，是通过调节网络中的关键反馈分子包括DKK-1，分泌型卷曲相关蛋白 2 (sFRP2)，B-细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒集成位点1 (Bmi-1)，和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 6 (CDK6) 等可能说明它们的生物反应。总之，对食品成分的响应没有出现在组织或特定器官，表明这可能是通用的细胞机制。毫无疑问，需要更多的研究，以确认这些饮食成分在防止肿瘤细胞抗拒传统药物和癌症复发方面的生理作用。