Advances in Nutrition, 2015, 6(4):408-419.

Genistein and Cancer: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions

Carmela Spagnuolo, Gian Luigi Russo, et al

Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; et al

Primary prevention through lifestyle interventions is a cost-effective alternative for preventing a large burden of chronic and degenerative diseases, including cancer, which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past decade, epidemiologic and preclinical evidence suggested that polyphenolic phytochemicals present in many plant foods possess chemopreventive properties against several cancer forms. Thus, there has been increasing interest in the potential cancer chemopreventive agents obtained from natural sources, such as polyphenols, that may represent a new, affordable approach to curb the increasing burden of cancer throughout the world. Several epidemiologic studies showed a relation between a soy-rich diet and cancer prevention, which was attributed to the presence of a phenolic compound, genistein, present in soy-based foods. Genistein acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. Targeting caspases, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, kinesin-like protein 20A (KIF20A), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), Wingless and integration 1 β-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin), and phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways may act as the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer, therapeutic effects of genistein. Genistein also shows synergistic behavior with well-known anticancer drugs, such as adriamycin, docetaxel, and tamoxifen, suggesting a potential role in combination therapy. This review critically analyzes the available literature on the therapeutic role of genistein on different types of cancer, focusing on its chemical features, plant food sources, bioavailability, and safety.

美国《营养学进展》，2015年7月

金雀异黄素和癌症︰ 现状、 挑战和未来的方向

卡梅拉 斯派格奴娄，吉安 路易吉 罗素，等

意大利国家研究理事会食品科学研究所等

通过干预生活方式的初级预防是一种成本有效的选择，可以预防慢性和退行性疾病，包括成为全球发病率和死亡率主要原因之一的癌症。在过去的十年间，流行病学和临床证据表明多酚类植物化学物质存在于许多植物食品中，拥有对几种癌症的化学预防性。因此，人们对从天然来源中获取的癌症化学预防试剂的兴趣越来越多。例如多酚类物质，可能代表了一种遏止全世界癌症的全新方法。几项流行病学研究表明富含大豆的饮食与癌症预防存在关联，而这种关联可以归因于大豆食品中酚类化合物金雀异黄素的存在。金雀异黄素作为一种对抗不同类型癌症的化学药物，主要是通过改变细胞凋亡、 细胞周期、血管生成和抑制转移。靶向半胱氨酸蛋白酶，B 细胞淋巴瘤 2 (Bcl-2)-相关 X 蛋白 (Bax)，Bcl-2，驱动蛋白样蛋白 20A (KIF20A)，细胞外信号调节激酶 1/2 (ERK1/2)，核转录因子 κB (NF-κB)、 丝裂活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK)、NF-κB抑制因子(IκB)，无翅和集成 1β-连环蛋白 (Wnt/β-catenin) 与磷脂酰肌醇 3 激酶/Akt (PI3K/Akt) 信号通路等可能成为金雀异黄素发挥抗肿瘤作用的分子机制。金雀异黄素与一些出名的抗癌药物表现出协同作用，如阿霉素、 多西紫杉醇和三苯氧胺，在联合治疗发挥潜在作用。本综述详细分析了现有文献中金雀异黄素对不同类型癌症的疗效，侧重于化学特征、 植物食品来源、 生物利用度和安全性。