Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2016, 40-41:192-208.

Targeting cancer stem cells and signaling pathways by phytochemicals: Novel approach for breast cancer therapy

Prasad R Dandawate, Prasad R Dandawate, Roy A Jensen, et al

Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Despite the development of newer diagnostic methods, selective as well as targeted chemotherapies and their combinations, surgery, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, breast cancer recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance are still the major problems for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggest the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a population of cells with the capacity to self-renew, differentiate and be capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth. In addition, CSCs are believed to be responsible for cancer recurrence, anticancer drug resistance, and metastasis. Hence, compounds targeting breast CSCs may be better therapeutic agents for treating breast cancer and control recurrence and metastasis. Naturally occurring compounds, mainly phytochemicals have gained immense attention in recent times because of their wide safety profile, ability to target heterogeneous populations of cancer cells as well as CSCs, and their key signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of breast CSCs and their signaling pathways, and the phytochemicals that affect these cells including curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin), sulforaphane, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, 3, 3'-di-indolylmethane, vitamin E, retinoic acid, quercetin, parthenolide, triptolide, 6-shogaol, pterostilbene, isoliquiritigenin, celastrol, and koenimbin. These phytochemicals may serve as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment and future leads for drug development.

英国《癌症生物学研讨会》2016, 40-41:192-208.

靶向肿瘤干细胞和信号转导通路的植物化学物质︰ 乳腺癌治疗的新方法

堪萨斯大学堪萨斯城医学中心外科学系，堪萨斯城，KS 66160，美国; 堪萨斯大学医学中心分子和综合生理学系，堪萨斯城，KS 66160，美国。

乳腺癌是在全世界妇女中诊断的最常见的癌症形式，并且是美国癌症相关死亡的第二主要原因。尽管新的诊断方法的发展，选择性以及靶向化疗及其组合，手术，激素治疗，放射治疗，乳腺癌复发，转移和耐药性仍是乳腺癌的主要问题。新出现的证据表明癌症干细胞（CSCs）的存在，细胞群具有自我更新，分化和能够启动和维持肿瘤生长的能力。此外，肿瘤干细胞被认为负责癌症复发、 抗癌药物抵抗和转移。因此针对乳腺癌肿瘤干细胞的化合物可能是更好地治疗药物来控制和治疗乳腺癌的复发和转移。天然化合物，主要是植物化学物质，由于其广泛的安全性，靶向异质群体的癌症细胞和肿瘤干细胞以及信号转导通路的关键能力近来得到了极大的关注。因此，在本综述文章中，我们总结我们目前对乳腺癌CSCs及其信号通路的理解，以及影响这些细胞的植物化学物质包括姜黄素，白藜芦醇，茶多酚（表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯，表没食子儿茶素），萝卜硫素，染料木黄酮，吲哚-3-甲醇，3,3'-二吲哚基甲烷，维生素E，视黄酸，槲皮素，小白菊内酯，雷公藤内酯，6-姜烯酚，紫檀，异甘草素，雷公藤红素和柯九里香次碱。这些植物化学物质可以作为乳腺癌治疗和药物开发的未来潜在的新型治疗药物。